Genome sequencing and analysis of BCG strain for vaccine production in China / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo conduct the sequencing and preliminarily analysis of the whole genome of BCG Shanghai D2PB302 strain （hereinafter referred to as BCG Shanghai D2 strain）， which has been used exclusively for the vaccine production in China. MethodsThe DNA of of BCG Shanghai D2 strain （D2-JIA12-1） was extracted， and the whole genome was sequenced by Pacbio-RS Ⅱ. The sequence data was assembled by Smrtlink and polished with the illumina data. Genes， tRNA and rRNA were predicted based on the sequence data. The functional annotation of predicted genes was performed through BLASTP. The IVE-TB antigen gene and MTBVAC were selected as the target sequences to be compared with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv （NC_000962.3）. ResultsThe sequence length of BCG Shanghai D2 strain was 4 045 232 bp， and the GC content was 65.66%. A total of 4 259 protein-encoding genes were predicted， with an average gene size of 933 bp. 2 476 genes had biological functions and others were hypothetical proteins.144 virulence genes were obtained by comparing with the VFDB. There were 29 type Ⅶ secretion system genes and 10 PE/PPE protein family genes. ConclusionThe whole genome sequence of BCG Shanghai D2 strain is clarified. It lays a broad foundation for subsequent detection of the stability of major antigen genes.

Combined determination of 210Pb and 210Po in soil samples around a decommissioned uranium mine / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To evaluate the current situation of radioactive contamination in the soil around a decommissioned uranium mine by combined determination of 210Pb and 210Po activity concentrations. Methods Soil samples were collected around a decommissioned uranium mine. 210Po and the 210Pb decay product 210Bi were plated on a copper sheet by self-deposition at a constant temperature. Gross α and gross β counts were measured using a low-background α/β counter. The activity concentrations of 210Pb and 210Po in soil were calculated. The radioactive contamination was evaluated using geological accumulation index. Results The activity concentrations of 210Pb and 210Po in the soil around the decommissioned uranium mine were 873.7-2315.5 and 956.0-2315 Bq·kg−1, respectively. The activity concentrations of 210Pb and 210Po in nearby farmland soil were 54.2-257.8 and 59.1-234.5 Bq·kg−1, respectively. Evaluation with the geological accumulation index showed that the level of nearby farmland contamination was 0-2, indicating zero to moderate radioactive contamination of the farmland. Conclusion The relatively high radioactivity around the decommissioned uranium mine requires attention to the transfer, diffusion, and ingestion of the uranium decay products 210Pb and 210Po in the surrounding soil to avoid radioactive contamination of the environment.

Utilization of fungal biocontrol agents against rice sheath blight disease provides insight into their role in plant defense responses

Biotic and abiotic factors have an effect on rice production all around the world. Diseases are regarded as major restrictions among the biotic stressors, and rice sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) is one of the most calamitous diseases that significantly damage the crop. Lately, biocontrol of fungal plant pathogens has appeared as an appealing approach. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate different biocontrol agents like Talaromyces flavus, Chaetomium globosum, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Aspergillus niger against sheath blight disease. Prior to sowing, seeds were bioprimed with each isolate and sown in the nursery. After 21 days, seedlings were transplanted in-vivo and were inoculated with a virulent isolate of Rhizoctonia solani at maximum tillering stage. Observations on biochemical parameters and gene expression studies were carried out at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hpi. Enzymatic activity viz., chitinase, ?-1,3-glucanase, catalase, and PAL was observed maximum in Chaetomium globosum. PR-genes viz., IPT, BrD, HmPr, AMP, AldD, NIC and LisH showed up-regulation at 96 hpi. Chaetomium globosum had the highest yield, maximum number of tillers with least RLH% as compared to other treatments. However, results indicated biocontrol agents are helpful and they induce multitude of defence responses against R. solani in rice.

Research progress in measurement methods for210Po and 210Pb in environmental samples / 中国辐射卫生

210Po and 210Pb exist widely in nature, and they have strong toxicity and strong ionization ability, which can cause continuous harm to human health. Therefore, it is of great significance to determine the activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb in environmental samples and to evaluate their harmful effects on human health. This article reviews the research progress in analytical methods and measurement techniques of 210Po and 210Pb in environmental samples.

Radioactivity of cigarettes and radiation dose assessment due to smoking / 中国辐射卫生

Objective Collect and analyze data of radiation level of 210Po/210Pb in cigarettes in China, evaluate the internal radiation dose caused by smoking to Chinese smokers and compare it with other countries. Methods The radiation levels of 210Po/210Pb in cigarettes in domestic and foreign countries were summarized and analyzed, and the fractions of 210Po/210Pb in mainstream smoke were recommended, and the internal radiation doses to smokers in China were estimated. Results In 2015, there were 320 million smokers among aged 15 and above in China with an average smoking amount of 15.2 cigarettes per day. The average activities of 210Po/210Pb weighted by the number of cigarette brands were 28.2 mBq per cigarette and 39.3 mBq per cigarette respectively. The mainstream smoke fraction of 20% of 210Po was used to make the does estimation which was the mean value of the experimental results of simulator and volunteers, and that of 210Pb was 10% measured by simulators. Based on the average smoking amount per day and the number of smokers in China, the annual effective dose of current smokers in China is 126 μSv·a−1, and the collective effective dose is 40746 man·Sv. Conclusion The content of 210Po/210Pb in Chinese cigarettes is about 2～3 times that of other country's cigarettes. However, the fraction of mainstream smoke and dose conversion coefficient of 210Po/210Pb adopted in this paper are different from those in other literatures. Therefore, the estimated dose of 20 cigarettes for Chinese smokers is lower than that for smokers in some countries.

Study on Effects and Active Ingredients of Tibetan Medicine Lamiophlomis rotata against Rheumatoid Arthritis ZHANG Yanfei ，CHEN Ruixin ，YUAN Maohua ，YANG Zhizhong ，HUANG Ting ，CHEN Suxian ，JIANG Yunbin （578） Effects of Isoflavaspidic Acid PB on the Biofilm Adhesion and Gene Expression of Ergosterol Metabolism Related Enzymes in Trichophyton rubrum / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To study the effect of isofla vaspidicacid PB （called PB for short ）on the biofilm adhesion and the gene expression of ergosterol metabolism related enzymes in Trichophyton rubrum . METHODS ：M38-A2 method was adopted to determine MIC of PB to T. rubrum . MTT assay was used to screen the biolfilm condition and initial adhesion period of T. rubrum . The effects of different concentrations of PB （40，80，160 µg/mL）on the adhesion duration of T. rubrum （growth control group without PB was set up ，similarly hereinafter ）were evaluated and the adhesion rate was calculated by using XTT assay ；the effects of different concentrations of PB （20，40，80 µg/mL）on the biofilm formation of T. rubrum at different initial adhesion periods （3，5，9 h）were observed and the adhesion rate was calculated by using XTT assay combined with inverted microscope ；qRT-PCR method was used to detect the effects of PB （320 µg/mL）on the mRNA expression of ergosterol metabolism related enzyme gene ERG6 and ERG11 in biofilm of T. rubrum . RESULTS ：MIC of PB to T. rubrum was 20 µg/mL. The biofilm of T. rubrum in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10％ FBS was the most metabolism activity at 6 h of initial adhesion. Compared with growth control group ，after treated with different concentrations of PB ，adhesion rate and mRNA expression of ERG6 and ERG11 in biofilm were decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. Hyphae decreased or even disappeared ，and the adhesion inhibition rate （at 5 and 9 h of initial adhesion ）increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：PB can inhibit the adhesion of T. rubrum and reduce the hyphae ；the mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of the biofilm adhesion and mRNA expression of ergosterol metabolism related enzyme gene ERG6 and ERG11.

Monitoring and analysis of activity concentrations of 7Be and 210Pb in atmospheric aerosol in Beijing from 2017 to 2020 / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To monitor and analyze the activity concentrations of 7Be and 210Pb in atmospheric aerosol in Beijing from 2017 to 2020. Methods:Totally 1 074 atmospheric aerosol samples were collected by high flow air sampler (SnowWhite) including 275 in spring, 266 in summer, 262 in autumn and 271 in winter and subjected to analysis by low background high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometery (ORTEC) to determine the activity concentrations of 7Be and 210Pb. Results:The activity concentrations of 7Be in atmospheric aerosol were from 0.56 to 14.84 mBq/m 3, with an avearage of 6.84 mBq/m 3, and from 0.01 to 9.37 mBq/m 3 for 210Pb, with an avearage 3.19 mBq/m 3. The differences in activity concentrations of 7Be and 210Pb in atmospheric aerosol among differernt seasons were statistically significant ( F=32.66, 93.93, P<0.05). Activity concentration of 7Be was highest in spring, followed by autumn, and lowest in summer and winter. Activity concentration of 210Pb ranged from winter, autumn, spring to summer in descending order. Conclusions:The activity concentrations of 7Be and 210Pb in atmospheric aerosol in Beijing from 2017 to 2020 fluctated within the range of normal level.

Bioaccumulation of heavy metal lead (Pb) in different tissues of brackish water fish Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758)

This study was performed to determine the heavy metal accumulation concentrations in different tissues ofthe selected brackish water fish Mugil cephalus. The fishes were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of leadacetate (Pb (C2H3O2)2) for 96 hour, and LC50 value was found to be 18.7 ppm. The one-tenth of (1/10) LC50(1.89 ppm) value was selected as a lower sub-lethal concentration for the exposure period of 30 days. Theorgans of fish, namely, gills, liver, and muscle were carefully separated through the dissection from fish forthe determination of heavy metal using Absorption Spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Analyst-400, USA). Theresults reveal that the low concentration of lead (1.89 ppm) exhibits a maximum level of accumulation in theliver (0.746 ± 0.0033 μg/g), gills (0.672 ± 0.0069 μg/g), and muscle (0.254 ± 0.0052 μg/g) tissues of 30 daysexposed. The result of the present investigation also reveals that the time-dependent lead accumulation indifferent tissues of fish M. cephalus exposed to different sub-lethal concentration of the lead. These findingsextend for future studies on the evaluation of lead accumulation tendency in relation to the eco-toxicologicalobservations for heavy metals risk assessment.

TRIM35 mediates protection against influenza infection by activating TRAF3 and degrading viral PB2

Tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins are important effectors of innate immunity against viral infections. Here we identified TRIM35 as a regulator of TRAF3 activation. Deficiency in or inhibition of TRIM35 suppressed the production of type I interferon (IFN) in response to viral infection. Trim35-deficient mice were more susceptible to influenza A virus (IAV) infection than were wild-type mice. TRIM35 promoted the RIG-I-mediated signaling by catalyzing Lys63-linked polyubiquitination of TRAF3 and the subsequent formation of a signaling complex with VISA and TBK1. IAV PB2 polymerase countered the innate antiviral immune response by impeding the Lys63-linked polyubiquitination and activation of TRAF3. TRIM35 mediated Lys48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of IAV PB2, thereby antagonizing its suppression of TRAF3 activation. Our in vitro and in vivo findings thus reveal novel roles of TRIM35, through catalyzing Lys63- or Lys48-linked polyubiquitination, in RIG-I antiviral immunity and mechanism of defense against IAV infection.

Acute toxicity of four heavy metal ions to Oncomelania hupensis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To assess the acute toxicity of Cu2+, Cd2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ to Oncomelania hupensis. Methods Cu2+, Cd2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ solutions were prepared at five concentrations, and 10 snails were exposed to each concentration for 24, 48, 72 h and 96 h. Then, the inhibition of snail activity and snail death was observed, and the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) and median lethal concentrations (LC50) were estimated. Results The 24, 48, 72 h and 96 h EC50 values of Cu2+, Cd2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ were 0.74, 0.56, 0.46, 0.37 mg/L, 4.79, 3.52, 1.70, 1.26 mg/L, 1.90, 1.49, 0.83, 0.76 mg/L and 21.40, 9.98, 7.90, 5.42 mg/L for snails, respectively. The 96 h LC50 values of Cu2+, Cd2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ were 0.43, 2.96, 1.12 mg/L and 12.22 mg/L for snails, the safe concentrations were 0.004 3, 0.029 6, 0.011 2, 0.122 2 mg/L, respectively. Conclusion Cu2+ shows a high acute toxicity to snails, and Cd2+ and Hg2+ exhibit a moderate acute toxicity to snails, while Pb2+ is lowly toxic to snails.

Atuação fonoaudiológica no NASF do município de Santa Rita ­ PB / Speech-language therapy practice in NASF of the city of Santa Rita ­ PB / Atuación fonoaudiológica en la NASF del municipio de Santa Rita ­ PB

Introdução: O Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família ­ NASF objetiva ampliar as ações de saúde na atenção básica e aumentar a resolubilidade de problemas clínico-sanitários nos territórios. Objetivo: Caracterizar a atuação fonoaudiológica no NASF do município de Santa Rita ­ PB. Método: Utilizou-se método descritivo e transversal, por intermédio de um questionário contendo 36 questões com respostas abertas e fechadas que investigavam o processo de trabalho no NASF. A coleta foi realizada com sete fonoaudiólogas, que atenderam aos seguintes critérios de elegibilidade: trabalhar no NASF há no mínimo seis meses e assinar o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados quantitativamente. Resultados: As fonoaudiólogas relataram realizar de maneira satisfatória, ações como PSE, Visita Domiciliar, Capacitação e Suporte aos ACS, Ações conjuntas com a ESF, Orientações, Atendimento individual e também evidenciaram a necessidade de contratação de mais fonoaudiólogos. Relataram ainda utilizar com frequência ferramentas como o Atendimento compartilhado com profissionais do NASF, o Apoio Matricial e a Clínica Ampliada. Sobre a infraestrutura, houve constância entre todas as profissionais percebendo que este quesito obteve uma pontuação pouco satisfatória. Conclusão: As fonoaudiólogas demonstraram sincronia no processo de trabalho e nas ações realizadas, declarando ainda que mesmo em meio à problemática encontrada no quesito infraestrutura, o NASF de Santa Rita ­ PB tem desempenhado seu papel de maneira efetiva.

Introduction: The Family Health Support Center - NASF aims to expand health care in basic care and increase the resolubility of clinical and health problems in the territories. Purpose: To characterize the speech-language therapy performance by the NASF in the city of Santa Rita ­ PB. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional method was used, through a questionnaire containing 36 questions with open and closed answers that investigated the work process in NASF. The collection was performed with seven speech therapists, who met the following eligibility criteria: working at NASF for at least six months and signing the informed consent form. Data were tabulated and analyzed quantitatively. Results: Some speech-language therapists have reported to realize in satisfactory way actions such as PSE, home visit, capacity and support to the ACS, join actions with the ESF, guidelines, individual care and they also pointed the need of speech-language therapists' employment. They also reported utilizing with frequency implements such as shared with NASF professionals, the matrix assistance and the amplified clinic. On the Infrastructure, there was constancy among all the professionals that this requirement occurred on a rather unsatisfactory way. Conclusion: The speech-language therapists have demonstrated synchrony in the process of working and in the actions taken, and they also declared that in spite of the precarious infrastructure situation, the NASF in Santa Rita ­ PB, has played its roll effectively.

Introducción: El Núcleo de Apoyo a la Salud de la Familia - NASF tiene como objetivo ampliar las acciones de salud en la atención básica y aumentar la resolución de problemas clínico-sanitarios en los territorios. Objetivo: Caracterizar la actuación fonoaudilógica em el NASF del município de Santa Rita ­ PB. Métodos: Se utilizó método descriptivo y transversal, a través de un cuestionario que contenía 36 preguntas con respuestas abiertas y cerradas que investigaban el proceso de trabajo en el NASF. La recolección fue realizada con siete fonoaudiólogas, que atendieron a los siguientes criterios de elegibilidad: trabajar en el NASF por lo menos seis meses y firmar el término de consentimiento libre y esclarecido. Los datos fueron tabulados y analizados cuantitativamente. Resultados: Las fonoaudiólogas relataron realizar de manera satisfactoria, acciones como PSE, Visita Domiciliaria, Capacitación y Apoyo a los ACS, Acciones conjuntas con la ESF, Directrices, Atención individual y también evidenciaron la necessidad de contratación de más fonoaudiólogos. Señalaron utilizar com frecuencia herramientas como el Servicio compartido com profesionales de la NASF, el Apoyo Matrical y la Clínica Ampliada. Sobre la infraestructua, hubo constância entre todas las profesionales al darse cuenta de que este punto há obtenido uma puntuación poco satisfactoria. Conclusión: Las fonoaudiólogas demostraron una sincronía en el proceso de trabajo y en las acciones realizadas, declarando que incluso en medio de la problemática encontrada en el ámbito de la infraestructura, el NASF de Santa Rita ­ PB ha desempeñado su papel de manera efectiva.

Determination and Analysis of Heavy Metals of Paridis Rhizoma from Different Localities and Pieces / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To analyze and determine heavy metal content in Paridis Rhizoma from different genus and localities,in order to provide a reference for selecting cultivation areas and establishing the quality standard of Paridis Rhizoma of heavy metals content. Method:Microwave digestion method combined with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry method (ICP-AES) method were applied to determine the contents of 6 heavy metals,i.e. As,Cu,Hg,Cd,Pb and Cr in 39 samples of Paridis Rhizoma of different genus and localities in Yunnan Province. Cluster analysis,statistical analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to compare the differences of heavy metals contents in different localities and species. Result:The contents of six heavy metals in Paridis Rhizoma met the ISO international standard of Heavy Metal Limit of Traditional Chinese Medicine-traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials. Under the limited value standard of Green Trade Standards of Importing Medicinal Plants and Preparations,the over-standard rate of heavy metal As was 15.4%,the excess rate of Cd was 5.1%,and the excess rate of Pb was 2.6%. The contents of Cu and Hg conformed to relevant requirements. Cluster analysis,statistical analysis and principal component analysis showed that for the same variety,differences in producing places had significant effects on heavy metal content,while differences in species had little effects. Conclusion:The results of this study indicated that the heavy metal content of Paris planted in and around Dali basically conformed to relevant standards. The differences of heavy metal content in Paris were mainly regional differences,which provided a theoretical basis for standardizing the cultivation of medicinal materials and formulating the limit standards of heavy metals for Paridis Rhizoma.

Characterization of Cd(II)/Pb(II) transcriptional regulator Alcaligenes faecalis SF-S1-60

Aims@#Metal transcriptional regulators controlled the regulation of metal ion homeostasis in bacteria genera. Cd(II)/Pb(II) transcriptional regulator is one of the member of MerR family found in Alcaligenes faecalis SF-S1-60 (PbrT-AF). @*Methodology and results@#The PbrT-AF gene with 432 bp open reading frame was successfully isolated from genomic DNA of A. faecalis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. This gene was phylogenetically grouped with A. alcaligenes species using PHYLIP version 3.69 by the neighbor-joining method with 1000 bootstrap replicates. Phylogeny analysis shows that these proteins have distinct amino acids compared to Cd(II)/Pb(II) regulators from different species. The structure of PbrT-AF shows similar conformation with other members of MerR family using MODELLERv9.17. We also demonstrated that the expression of Pbrt-AF in Escherichia coli BL21 were able to increase the bacteria tolerance towards Pb up to 1000 ppm. @*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#This result suggests that PbrT-AF promotes cell adaptation and tolerance towards Pb toxicity.

A Ten Year Study of Pediatric Leprosy Cases in a Tertiary Care Centre in South Kerala

Leprosy in children is a valuable marker of impact of programme. This study has been carried out to analyse the clinical and histopathological characteristics of pediatric leprosy cases attending a tertiary health care centre in South Kerala bordering Tamil Nadu. This is a retrospective, analytical study of pediatric leprosy cases seen from 01 January 2007 to 31 December 2016 in the Dermatology out-patient department of Dr. Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College, Karakonam, Trivandrum, Kerala. Seven of the 52 leprosy cases in this hospital during this study period children (age group of 6 to 14), of which 6 were females. Two cases among these were borderline lepromatous and the rest were indeterminate leprosy. Three patients had contact with lepromatous leprosy (familial). Histopathology correlated well with our clinical diagnosis. Grade 2 deformity was seen in one child, who had taken incomplete treatment earlier. While the number of cases reporting to this centre may or may not reflect true epidemiological picture at population level, data may be used to plan proper research cum intervention studies. The prevalence of childhood leprosy can be reduced if we are vigilant and improve the surveillance of contacts, as 43% of cases in this study had a contact of leprosy in the family.

Primary breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a report of 21 cases / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment regimens, and outcomes of patients with primary breast dif-fuse large B-cell lymphoma (PB-DLBCL). Methods: Between January 2010 and January 2018, 21 patients with PB-DLBCL were diag-nosed, treated, and followed up at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. All patients were female, with a median age of 49 years (ranging from 21 to 77 years) at presentation. All patients received chemotherapy, of which 17 patients received the CHOP regimen and 4 received the EPOCH regimen. Eight patients received chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, and 13 received chemo-therapy alone. Six patients received prophylactic intrathecal injections. The incidences of refractory and progressive disease between patients who received different regimens were analyzed using the Chi-square test. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free sur-vival (PFS) rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences in survival were compared using the Log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed with the Cox-regression model for those factors that were confirmed as significant in the univari-ate analysis. Results: The most common presentation was a painless mass. The 5-year OS and PFS rates were 74% and 66%, respective-ly. There was no significant difference in the incidence of refractory or progressive disease between the EPOCH and CHOP groups (P=0.603). Six of those who received prophylactic intrathecal injections had no central nervous system recurrence, and 2 patients who did not receive prophylactic intrathecal injections had central nervous system recurrence. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that both the level of serum β2 microglobulin [P=0.044, hazard ratio (HR)=0.431, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.432-0.967] and radio-therapy (P=0.002, HR=0.495, 95% CI: 1.073-2.508) were related to the OS of PB-DLBCL. Conclusions: PB-DLBCL often occurs in women, mostly involving the unilateral breast, which manifests mainly as a painless mass. The level of serum β2 microglobulin is a factor of poor prognosis in PB-DLBCL. The treatment modality of chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy can significantly improve the OS of PB-DLBCL. Prophylactic intrathecal injections may be useful to reduce the incidence of refractory disease or recurrence in the central nervous system.

Parental burden of food-allergic children's parents and influencing factors / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: Recently, there has been a worldwide increase in the prevalence of food allergies in children and it may cause nutritional imbalance and poor quality of life for growing children due to dietary restrictions. This study was conducted to quantitatively measure the life burden and related factors of mothers who are the primary caretakers of food-allergic children. Moreover, we generated data for use as a scientific basis for the development of a disease management program to reduce the burden on life from raising food-allergic children. METHODS: Mothers of 2,005 children aged 2 years or older and enrolled in Seoul Metropolitan Atopy Free Schools in 2016 who have had diagnosis of food allergy in their lifetime were surveyed. The burden on life of parents with food-allergic children was measured using 17 questions from the Food Allergy Quality of Life-Parental Burden (FAQL-PB) questionnaire, and subjects were asked to respond with a scale of 1 ~ 7. RESULTS: We analyzed the effects of sociodemographic factors of parents and children and the accompanying allergic disease factors on the lives of parents. The number of restricted food items due to food allergy of a child and accompanying diagnosis of atopic dermatitis had a positive (+) effect on the life burden of the parents. CONCLUSION: Accurate oral food challenge for food allergies should be administered to prevent excessive restriction of food intake. Moreover, efforts should be taken to prevent morbidity accompanying food allergy and relieve symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis.

Caracterización de filtros comerciales para agua a base de carbón activado para el tratamiento de agua del río Tumbes - Perú / Characterization of water commercial filters based on activated carbon for water treatment of the Tumbes river - Peru / Caracterização de carvão ativado de filtros comerciais para tratamento da água do rio Tumbes -Perú

Resumen Se caracterizaron y se evaluaron carbones activados comerciales (A, B, C y D) utilizados en filtros para el tratamiento de agua en la descontaminación de metales pesados presentes en agua de río y en la eliminacion de microorganismos coliformes; los carbones comerciales resultaron tener estructuras microporosas y mesoporosas. Se determinaron areas superficiales entre 705 y 906 m2/g. Los carbones fueron amorfos y se detectó la presencia de agentes antibacterianos, tales como Ag, Cl, Cu y Si. Se determinó que para el As y Pb, cuyas concentraciones iniciales en el agua contaminada (agua del Río Tumbes-Perú) fueron 56,7 y 224,0 μg/L, respectivamente, el porcentaje de adsorción fue cercano al 100%. También se encontró que la relación entre el pH de carga cero de los carbones y pH del agua del río durante los experimentos juega un rol determinante en la adsorción de los elementos analizados. Por otro lado, la capacidad antibacteriana fue evaluada satisfactoriamente frente a las siguientes cepas de bacterias gram negativas fecales: Escherichia coli (ATCC® 25922™), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC® 14028™) y Shigella flexneri (ATCC® 12022™). Esta capacidad se basa en la presencia superficial en los carbones de los agentes antibacterianos mencionados.

Abstract Comercial activated carbon samples (A, B, C, and D) used in filters for the treatment of water were characterized and evaluated in the decontamination of heavy metals present in river water and in the elimination of coliform microorganisms. The carbon samples had microporous and mesoporous structures. Surface areas of between 705 and 906 m2/g were found. The carbon samples were amorphous and the presence of antibacterial agents such as Ag, Cl, Cu, and Si was detected. It was determined that for As and Pb, whose initial concentrations in contaminated water (water of the Tumbes river-Peru) were 56.7 and 224.0 μg/L, respectively, the percentage of adsorption was close to 100%. The relationship between point of zero charge pH of the activated carbons and pH of the river water during the experiments plays a determinant role in the adsorption of the analyzed elements. The antibacterial capacity was evaluated satisfactorily against the following strains of fecal gram negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (ATCC® 25922™), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC® 14028™), and Shigella flexneri (ATCC® 12022™). This ability is based on the surface presence in the carbons ofthe mentioned antibacterial agents.

Resumo Carvões ativados comerciais (A, B, C e D) usado em filtros para o tratamento de água foram caracterizados e avaliados na descontaminação de metais pesados da água do rio e para a remoção de microrganismos coliformes. Os carvões comerciais mostraram estruturas microporosas e mesoporosas. Foram determinadas as áreas superficiais entre 705 e 906 m2/g. As amostras de carvão foram amorfas e foi detectada a presença de agentes antibacterianos, tais como Ag, Cl, Cu e Si. Determinou-se que, no caso de As e Pb, cujas concentrações iniciais na água contaminada (água do rio Tumbes-Peru) foram de 56,7 e 224,0 μg/L respectivamente, a taxa de adsorção foi de quase 100%. Também foi econtrado que e a relação entre o pH de carga zero dos carvões e o pH da água do rio durante as experiências desempenha um papel decisivo na adsorção dos elementos analisados. Além disso, a capacidade antibacteriana foi avaliada com sucesso contra as seguintes variedades de bactérias gram negativas de origem fecal: Escherichia coli (ATCC® 25922™), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC® 14028™) e Shigella flexneri (ATCC® 12022™). Esta capacidade esta baseada na presença de agentes bacterianos na superfície dos carvões.

Melatonin Ameliorates Tau Hyperphosphorylation of Mice with Exposure to Lead(Pb)at Early Development Stage by Mediating ER Stress in Hippocampus / 华中科技大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the effect of melatonin(MT)on tau hyperphosphorylation in hippocampus of mice with exposure to lead(Pb)at early development stage and its possible mechanism.Methods Healthy C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups:control group(received normal water),lead exposure group(exposed to 0.2% Pb acetate from postnatal day 1(PND 1)to PND 21 through drinking water),MT group(received 50 mg/mL MT through drinking water since 12-month-old for 3 months)and MT combined with lead exposure group(exposed to 0.2% Pb acetate from PND 1 to PND 21 and then given 50 mg/mL MT since 12-month-old for 3 months through drinking water).The Pb levels in the blood and hippocampus were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.Morris water maze was used to detect the spatial learning and memory.The phosphorylation level of tau and the protein level of GRP78 and CHOP in hippocampus were detected by Western blotting.Results Compared with the control group,the Pb levels in the blood and hippocampus were significantly increased in lead exposure group(P<0.05),while MT treatment did not affect the Pb levels both in the blood and hippocampus.In the lead exposure group,the phosphorylation level of tau in the hippocampus was significantly increased compared with control group(P<0.01),and after treatment with MT,the phosphorylation level of tau in MT combined with lead exposure group was significantly decreased compared with the lead exposure group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the expression of GRP78 and CHOP in the hippocampus was significantly higher in lead exposure group than in control group(P<0.05),and after treatment with MT,the expression levels of GRP78 and CHOP were lower than those of the control group.Conclusion MT can ameliorate the phosphorylation level of tau in the hippocampus and defects of learning and memory in C57BL/6 mice with exposure to lead at early development stage,and this may be related with the modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

piggyBac transposon system and its applications in the genemanipulation in mammals / 中国生化药物杂志

DNA transposon is a kind of factor that is able to translocate gene in its genome, thus offering an efficient method for permanently modifying the genome of mammals. The piggyBac (PB) transposon system has been proven effective in mammalian genomic engineering, including cancer gene discovery, animal transgenesis, in vivo gene delivery as well as in vitro genetic modification like induced pluripotent stem cells. In addition, piggyBac has many desirable features, such as seamless excision of transposons from the genomic DNA and the potential to target integration events to desired DNA sequences. Therefore, the piggyBac translocation system is an ideal genetic tool in the construction of animal models and gene therapy, and we can anticipate that the piggyBac transposon system will play a more and more important role in biomedical research.

Isolation and antifungal activities of a pair of isomers of phloroglucinol derivatives from Dryopteris fragrans / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents and antifungal activitiy of phloroglucinol derivatives from Dryopteris fragrans. Methods: The phloroglucinol derivatives were isolated by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and pre-HPLC. The chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical and spectral properties. The antifungal activities against Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum gypseum were tested by CLSI M38-A2 broth microdilution methods. Results: Two phloroglucinol derivatives were isolated and identified as disflavaspidic acid PB (1) and flavaspidic acid PB (2). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of compounds 1 and 2 were 13.33 and 1.875 μg/mL against T. rubrum respectively, 10 and 1.325 μg/mL against M. gypseum. Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound named disflavaspidic acid PB. Compound 2 is isolated from D. fragrans for the first time. Compounds 1 and 2 are a pair of isomers with promising antifungal activity.